Lessons Unit 1, lesson 6

ɑ as in cot

One short vowel, on its own page. It is quick and short — hear it alone, then find it inside each word below, then say the words yourself.

What do the marks mean?
ˈriːdread Stressed part — say it louder & longer.
to Weak word — say it quickly & softly.
e Silent letter — don’t pronounce it.
θth Underline — these letters spell one sound.
wa·ter Dot · — a syllable break.
goon Linked — blend the words together.
?↗︎↘︎ Arrows — voice rises ↗︎ or falls ↘︎.
ˈsɛvən7 Number — how to say it aloud.
read² ² mark — has a second pronunciation.
guess? ? mark — a best guess; double-check it.

Want the full walkthrough? Read the map explains every mark, with practice.

ɑthe o in cot

Open wide, like showing a doctor your throat: ah — cot, hot. In American English this o is an open ah sound, not a round British o.

ˈk c ɑː o t t
cot
ˈh h ɑː o t t
hot
ˈt t ɑː o p p
top
ˈd d ɑː o t t
dot

Now say it yourself

Read each word from its sheet, out loud, three times. Where there's a play button, listen first and copy what you hear. Slow is fine — speaking clearly matters more than speaking fast. Tap a word's microphone to record yourself and see which sounds landed.

ˈɑː o d dd
odd
ˈɑː o ks x
ox
ɑː o n n
on
ˈtʃ ch ɑː o p p
chop
ˈs s t t ɑː o p p
stop
ˈʃ sh ɑː o p p
shop

The accent trap

In American English, this vowel is open and unrounded — your lips stay relaxed and neutral while your mouth opens wide, like for a doctor's exam. Learners coming from other varieties of English often round their lips slightly, which pulls cot toward ɔː, the vowel in law. Keep your lips loose here; only your jaw does the work.

Spellings to watch

This sound is almost always spelled with a single o before one or more consonants: cot, hot, top, dot, odd, ox, on, chop, stop, shop. The letter a after w often points here too, as in watch or want, where the w pulls the following vowel toward this same open, unrounded sound.

A quick self-test

Say cot next to cat. Cot should be wider and further back in the mouth, without the sharp front tension of cat. Then compare hot with a rounded, gliding vowel like the one in hoat — if you find yourself puckering your lips at all on hot, you've drifted toward a different sound entirely.

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